Rare species include green montane greed, a transparent aquamarine obsidian of a greenish hue and a dark purple strombolite. One of the most beautiful varieties with a pearl shade was discovered in Armenia. Sometimes there is a multi-colored version: bluish-blue, red, green or rainbow. Obsidian, full of the smallest gas and liquid impregnations, gives a golden or silver effect. The second name of this striped species is mountain mahogany. Characterized by alternating red and black colors. A variety of black obsidian is the rounded discharge. The trade name in the US is a mountain diver or a black Nevada diamond. He is also called a peacock's tail or a midnight lace. The color range is especially beautiful on the cut. It shows clearly distinguishable layers of blue, red, green hues. On a common black or dark brown background, there are slightly blurred white spots resembling snowflakes. The composition of the rapidly frozen lava and the conditions for the formation of volcanic glass affect the color of the material: Diorite - is formed on the basis of feldspar crystals, reminiscent of granite.Porphyry - a bright red variety of andesite.Gabro - contains impregnations with grains of pyroxene.Rhyolite - its composition resembles granite.The composition of obsidian is divided into five main types: Variable composition (dispersion from rhyolite to basalt glass): silicon dioxide - 75%, water - less than 1%.Transparency depends on the inclusions, its degree varies from opaque to transparent (or translucent).Color and pattern of stone depend on microinclusions of magnetite, pale feldspars, iron oxides, etc.The rock has a massive structure, completely glassy with a rare impregnation of microfenocrystals.In describing the physical properties of volcanic glass, the following characteristics are noted: It is known that mirrors were made of black obsidian. There is a legend telling that an unusual stone first came to Europe thanks to the Roman Obsidium, hence the name.Īccording to another version, the name of the stone came from the Greek word "obsis", that is, a spectacle. The natural glass of volcanic origin, which is formed due to a very rapid cooling of the lava, is called obsidian. He was not just an auxiliary tool and an effective weapon, but also demonstrated the status of a man, personified his courage and strength. A knife made of volcanic glass was widely used for ritual and everyday purposes of primitive tribes. While people did not learn about metal, the material for its manufacture was stones and obsidian. Since ancient times, mankind has sought to facilitate its work through various adaptations.
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